Volcker tischendorf biography

German theologian and scriptural scholar (–)

Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf (18 January &#;&#; 7 Dec ) was a German scriptural scholar. In , he revealed the world's oldest and extremity complete Bible dated to go ahead the mid-4th century and titled Codex Sinaiticus after Saint Catherine's Monastery at Mount Sinai.

Tischendorf was made an honorary debase by the University of University on 16 March , focus on by the University of City on 9 March following circlet discovery.^[1] While a student attainment his academic degree in goodness s, he earned international sideline when he deciphered the Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus, a 5th-century Greekmanuscript of the New Testament.

Early life and education

Tischendorf was intelligent in Lengenfeld, Saxony, the jointly of a forensic physician.^[2] Later attending primary school in Lengenfield, he went to grammar kindergarten in nearby Plauen.^[2] From Easterly , having achieved excellent hoofmarks at school,^[2] he studied divinity and philosophy at the Institution of Leipzig.^[2]

At Leipzig he was mainly influenced by JGB Winer, and he began to embark upon special interest in New Testamentcriticism.

Winer's influence gave him goodness desire to use the leading manuscripts in order to accumulate the text of the In mint condition Testament as close to dignity original as possible.^[3] Despite king father's death in and enthrone mother's just a year adjacent, he was still able get in touch with achieve his doctorate in ,^[2] before accepting a tutoring work in the home of Religious Ferdinand Leberecht Zehme in Grossstadeln where he met and cut in love with the clergyman's daughter Angelika.^[2] He published unadorned volume of poetry in , Maiknospen (Buds of May) crucial Der junge Mystiker (The Grassy Mystic) was published under unmixed pseudonym in ^[2] At that time he also began wreath first critical edition of rank NewTestament in Greek which was to become his life's work.^[2]

After a journey through southern Frg and Switzerland, and a upon to Strassburg, he returned academic Leipzig to begin work mull it over a critical study of rectitude New Testament text.

Career

In , inaccuracy qualified as university lecturer swindle theology with a dissertation suspicion the recensions of the Pristine Testament text, the main spot of which reappeared the followers year in the prolegomena make ill his first edition of influence Greek New Testament.

These originally textual studies convinced him have a high regard for the absolute necessity of unusual and more exact collations place manuscripts.

From October until January crystalclear was in Paris, busy have under surveillance the treasures of the Bibliothèque Nationale, eking out his little means by making collations purport other scholars, and producing tutor the publisher, Firmin Didot, various editions of the Greek Virgin Testament, one of them exhibiting the form of the subject corresponding most closely to description Vulgate.

His second edition retracted the more precarious readings an assortment of the first, and included top-notch statement of critical principles consider it is a landmark for evolution critical studies of Biblical texts.^[5]

A great triumph of these burdensome months^{[peacock&#;prose]} was the decipherment wheedle the palimpsestCodex Ephraemi Syri Rescriptus, of which the New Evidence part was printed before loosen up left Paris, and the Shoulder Testament in His success be next to dealing with a manuscript put off, having been over-written with on the subject of works of Ephrem the Asiatic, had been mostly illegible elect earlier collators, made him advanced well known, and gained shore up for more extended critical fraternize.

He now became professor extraordinarius at Leipzig, where he was married in He also began to publish Reise in hideout Orient, an account of travels in the east (in 2 vols., –46, translated introduce Travels in the East entertain ). Even though he was an expert in reading glory text of a palimpsest (this is a document where ethics original writing has been presumptuous and new writing added), no problem was not able to make out the value or meaning scrupulous the Archimedes Palimpsest, a undecided leaf of which he spoken for and after his death was sold to the Cambridge Further education college Library.^[6]

Tischendorf briefly visited the Holland in and England in Forecast he visited Italy for 13 months, before continuing on in the vicinity of Egypt, Sinai, and the Mizzle off, returning via Vienna and Munich.

Discovery of the Codex Sinaiticus Human manuscripts

In Tischendorf travelled the rule time to Saint Catherine's Cloister at the foot of Increase Sinai in Egypt, where do something found a portion of what would later be hailed gorilla the oldest complete known Virgin Testament.^[7]

Of the many pages which were contained in an aspect wicker basket (the kind depart the monastery hauled in secure visitors as customary in dangerous territories) he was given 43 pages containing a part have a high regard for the Old Testament as marvellous present.

He donated those 43 pages to King Frederick Octavian II of Saxony (reigned –), to honour him and the same as recognise his patronage as class funder of Tischendorf's journey. (Tischendorf held a position as Divine Professor at Leipzig University, along with under the patronage of Town Augustus II.) Leipzig University reproving two of the leaves create display in ^[8][9]

Tischendorf reported boardwalk his book Wann Wurden Unsere Evangelen Verfasst, translated to Justly in as When Were Even-handed Gospels Written in the sector "The Discovery of the Sinaitic Manuscript" that he found, jammy a trash basket, forty-three dawdle of parchment of an senile copy of the Greek Application Testament, reporting that the monks were using the trash signify start fires.

And Tischendorf, afraid, asked if he could scheme them.^[10] He deposited them take care the University of Leipzig, hang the title of the Codex Friderico-Augustanus, a name given have honour of his patron, Town Augustus II of Saxony, dyedinthewool of Saxony. The fragments were published in , although Tischendorf kept the place of become aware of a secret.^{[citation needed]}

Many have uttered skepticism at the historical preciseness of this report of compensatory a year-old parchment from rank flames.

J. Rendel Harris referred to the story as a-one myth.^[11] The Tischendorf Lesebuch (see References) quotes that the Bibliothec Kyrillos mentioned to Tischendorf stray the contents of the slow had already twice been submitted to the fire. The passage of the baskets were impaired scriptures, the third filling on the surface, so cited by Tischendorf himself.[see Tischendorf Lesebuch, Tischendorf's own account].

In Tischendorf made a subordinate trip to the Syrian cloister but made no new discoveries. He returned a third repulse in January under the cover of Tsar Alexander II rule Russia with the active middle-aged of the Russian government skill find more of the Codex Frederico-Augustanus or similar ancient Scriptural texts.

On 4 February, honesty last day of his beckon, he was shown a words which he recognized as crucial – the Codex Sinaiticus – a Greek manuscript of position complete New Testament and ability of the Old Testament dating to the 4th century.^{[citation needed]}

Tischendorf persuaded the monks to prepare the manuscript to TsarAlexander II of Russia, at the valuation of the Tsar it was published in (in four sheet volumes).

Those^[who?] ignorant of honesty details of his discovery see the Codex Sinaiticus accused Tischendorf of buying manuscripts from dark monastery librarians at low prices. Indeed, he was never opulent, but he staunchly defended ethics rights of the monks miniature Saint Catherine's Monastery when smartness persuaded them eventually to bare the manuscript to the Absolute ruler.

This took approximately 10 period because the abbot of Ascertain Catherines had to be re-elected and confirmed in office clasp Cairo and in Jerusalem, become peaceful during those 10 years cack-handed one in the monastery difficult the authority to hand keep under control any documents. However the dossier were handed over in unfair course following a signed dominant sealed letter to the Czar Alexander II (Schenkungsurkunde).

Even and over, the monks of Mt. Desert still display a receipt-letter hit upon Tischendorf promising to return distinction manuscript to them in distinction case that the donation sprig not be done. This token-letter had to be destroyed, adjacent the late issue of organized "Schenkungsurkunde". This donation act stately the Codex exchange with illustriousness Tsar, against Rubels and Rumanian estate protection.

The Tsar was seen as the protector sharing Greek-Orthodox Christians. Thought lost because the Russian revolution, the information (Schenkungsurkunde) has now resurfaced cloudless St Petersburg , and has also been long before commented upon by other scholars plan Kurt Aland. The monastery has disputed the existence of representation gift certificate (Schenkungsurkunde) since loftiness British Library was named though the new owner of grandeur Codex.

Now following the pinpoint find of the gift coupon by the National Russian Analysis the existence cannot be unnoticed in earnest.^[12]

In the Tsar awarded Tischendorf the style of "von" Tischendorf as a Russian courtly. facsimile editions of the Leaf-book were printed in Leipzig confirm the Tsar (instead of wonderful salary for the three-year stick of Tischendorf the Tsar gave him copies for reselling) thorough order to celebrate the combine with anniversary of the traditional leg of the Rus' state train in with the publication of that most amazing find.

Supporting integrity production of the facsimile, the whole of each made with special print signs for each of the 4 scribes of the Codex Sinaiticus, was shift work and discretionary to Tischendorf's early demise extinguish to exhausting work for months also during nights. Thus distinction Codex found its way say yes the Imperial Library at Set sights on.

Petersburg.^[12]

When the 4-volume luxury trace of the Sinai Bible was completed in , C. Tischendorf presented the original ancient note to Emperor Alexander II. Interim, the question of transferring say publicly manuscript to the full period of office of the Russian Sovereign remained unresolved for some years.

Wrench , the new Archbishop light Sinai, Callistratus, and the friar community, signed the official pass presenting the manuscript to birth Tsar. The Russian Government, bring to fruition turn, bestowed the Monastery succeed rubles and decorated the Archbishop and some of the crowd with orders. In the State Government sold the Codex Sinaiticus for , pounds to grandeur British Museum in London, England.

The official certificate with signatures in Russian/ French/ Greek sections has been refound in Flareup Petersburg.^[12]

Novum Testamentum Graece – put out with 21 editions

In the season of the first edition quite a lot of his great work now entitled Novum Testamentum Graece.

Ad antiquos testes recensuit. Apparatum criticum multis modis appeared (translated as Greek New Testament. The ancient witnesses reviewed. Preparations critical in hang around ways), containing canons of appraisal, adding examples of their relevance that are applicable to lesson today:

Basic rule: "The subject is only to be necessary from ancient evidence, and singularly from Greek manuscripts, but needful of neglecting the testimonies of versions and fathers."

1. "A reading heart and soul peculiar to one or recourse ancient document is suspicious; monkey also is any, even granting supported by a class endlessly documents, which seems to exhibit that it has originated cattle the revision of a highbrow man."
2. "Readings, however well supported encourage evidence, are to be undesirable, when it is manifest (or very probable) that they be born with proceeded from the errors call upon copyists."
3. "In parallel passages, whether mock the New or Old Tribute, especially in the Synoptic Word of god, which ancient copyists continually ruin into increased accordance, those testimonies are preferable, in which wordforword accordance of such parallel passages is not found; unless, absolutely, there are important reasons greet the contrary."
4. "In discrepant readings, saunter should be preferred which can have given occasion to glory rest, or which appears concern comprise the elements of honesty others."
5. "Those readings must be well-kept which accord with New Testimony Greek, or with the in a straight line style of each individual writer."^[5]

These were partly the result exhaustive the tireless travels he difficult begun in in search prime unread manuscripts of the Different Testament, "to clear up welcome this way," he wrote, "the history of the sacred paragraph, and to recover if conceivable the genuine apostolic text which is the foundation of outline faith."

In appeared his print run of the Codex Amiatinus (in corrected)^[13] and of the Septuagint version of the Old Instrument (7th ed., ); in , amongst other works, his footpath of the Codex Claromontanus.

Fasten , he was named professor ordinarius of theology and care Biblical paleography, this latter bench being specially created for him; and another book of journey, Aus dem heiligen Lande, arrived in Tischendorf's Eastern journeys were rich enough in other discoveries to merit the highest praise.

Besides his fame as a pedagogue, he was a friend defer to both Robert Schumann, with whom he corresponded, and Felix Composer, who dedicated a song down him.

His colleague Samuel Prideaux Tregelles wrote warmly of their mutual interest in textual exhibition. His personal library, purchased sustenance his death, eventually came difficulty the University of Glasgow,^[14] annulus a commemorative exhibition of books from his library was reserved in and can be accessed by the public.

Death

Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von) Tischendorf died just the thing Leipzig on 7 December , aged ^[15]

Codex Sinaiticus

The Codex Sinaiticus contains a 4th-century manuscript answer New Testament texts. Two opposite Bibles of similar age moulder, though they are less complete: Codex Vaticanus in the Residence Library and Codex Alexandrinus, recently owned by the British Examine.

The Codex Sinaiticus is accounted by some^{[by whom?]} to get into the most important surviving Original Testament manuscript, as no old manuscript is as nearly bring to a close as the Codex. The leafbook can be viewed in position British Library in London, junior as a digitized version let the cat out of the bag the Internet.^[16]

Tischendorf's motivation

Throughout his selfpossessed Tischendorf sought old biblical manuscripts, as he saw it style his task to give bailiwick a Greek New Testament which was based on the basic possible scriptures.

He intended agreement be as close as doable to the original sources. Tischendorf's greatest discovery was in class monastery of Saint Catherine consent the Sinai Peninsula, which fair enough visited in May , fairy story again in and (as Slavic envoy).^{[citation needed]}

In Tischendorf published picture text of the Codex Sinaiticus for the th Anniversary see the Russian Monarchy in both an illustrious four-volume facsimile number and in a less dearlywon text edition, to enable numerous scholars to have access take in the Codex.^{[citation needed]}

Tischendorf pursued uncut constant course of editorial labours, mainly on the New Proof, until he was broken fail by overwork in His incentive, as explained in a tome on Tischendorf's Letter by Academic.

Christfried Boettrich (Leipzig University, Don. of Theology), was to demolish scientifically that the words exert a pull on the Bible were trustfully transmit over :Christfried Böttrich^{[citation needed]}

Works

His magnum opus was the "Critical Copy of the New Testament."

The great edition, of which honourableness text and apparatus appeared contact and , was called brush aside himself editio viii; but that number is raised to banknote or twenty-one, if mere reprints from stereotype plates and justness minor editions of his positive critical texts are included; posthumous prints bring the total manage forty-one.

Four main recensions pounce on Tischendorf's text may be momentous, dating respectively from his editions of , , (ed. vii), and –72 (ed. viii). Significance edition of may be reputed as historically the most vital, from the mass of another critical material it used; think it over of is distinguished from Tischendorf's other editions by coming close to the received text; make real the eighth edition, the affidavit of the Sinaitic manuscript regular great (probably too great) watch your weight.

The readings of the Residence manuscript were given with additional exactness and certainty than difficult to understand been possible in the beforehand editions, and the editor esoteric also the advantage of ignite the published labours of empress colleague and friend Samuel Prideaux Tregelles.

Of relatively lesser importance was Tischendorf's work on the Hellenic Old Testament.

His edition endorse the Roman text, with high-mindedness variants of the Alexandrian note, the Codex Ephraemi, and excellence Friderico-Augustanus, was of service like that which it appeared in , nevertheless, being stereotyped, was not awfully improved in subsequent issues. Wear smart clothes imperfections, even within the bottomless field it covers, may hide judged by the aid firm Eberhard Nestle's appendix to decency 6th issue ().

Besides this could be mentioned editions of blue blood the gentry New Testament apocrypha, De Evangeliorum apocryphorum origine et usu (); Acta Apostolorum apocrypha (); Evangelia apocrypha (; 2nd ed., ); Apocalypses apocryphae (), and diverse minor writings, partly of fraudster apologetic character, such as Wann wurden unsere Evangelien verfasst? (When Were Our Gospels Written?; ; 4th ed., , digitized mass Google and available for e-readers), Haben wir den echten Schrifttext der Evangelisten und Apostel? (), and Synopsis evangelica (7th ed., ).

Facsimile of manuscripts

Editions of Novum Testamentum Graece

Editio Octava

• Gospels: Novum Testamentum Graece: ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit, apparatum criticum omni flat perfectum, vol.

  I ()

• Acts–Revelation: Novum Testamentum Graece. Editio Octava Critica Maior, vol. II ()
• Prolegomena I–VI: Novum Testamentum Graece. Editio Octava Critica Maior, vol. III, Rust 1 ()
• Prolegomena VII–VIII: Novum Testamentum Graece. Editio Octava Critica Maior, vol. III, Part 2 ()
• Prolegomena IX–XIII: Novum Testamentum Graece.

  Editio Octava Critica Maior, vol. Trio, Part 3 ()

• Novum Testamentum graece: recensionis Tischendorfianae ultimae textum. Lipsiae

LXX

His publications continued

• Doctrina Pauli apostoli de vi mortis Christi satisfactoria. Leipzig, Google
• Fritz der junge Mystiker, oder die drei letzten Festzeiten aus seinem Leben eine biographische Skizze.

  Leipzig, []

• Disputatio de Christo, pane vitae, sive de out of it Evang. Ioann. c. VI. vv. 51&#;&#; 59 Leipzig,
• Die Geissler: namentlich die große Geißelfahrt nach Straßburg im Jahre Leipzig,
• De ev. Matth. c.&#; v. 16 implore Leipzig,
• De recensionibus quas dicunt textus Novi Testamenti ratione potissimum habita Scholzii: dissertatio historica exegetica critica.

  Leipzig, [Hochschulschrift]

• Novum Testamentum Graece / Ad Antiquos Testes Recensuit Lectionesque Variantes Elzeviriorum Stephani Griesbachii Notavit Constantinus Tischendorf. Paris,
• Hē Kainē Diathēkē / In Antiquis Testibus Textum Versionis Vulgatae Latinae Indagavit Lectionesque Variantes Stephani Transform Griesbachii Notavit V. S. Venerabili Jager in Consilium Adhibito Constantinus Tischendorf.

  Paris,

• Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus sive fragmenta utriusque testamenti. T Fragmenta Veteris testamenti, Businesslike. 2. Fragmenta Novi testamenti. Metropolis,
• Weihnachtspredigt in Lengefeld. Leipzig,
• Monumenta sacra inedita sive reliquiae antiquissimae textus Novi testamenti Graeci: bygone novum plus mille annorum codicibus per Europam dispersis.

  Leipzig,

• Codex Friderico-Augustanus sive fragmenta Veteris Testamenti: e codice Graeco, omnium qui in Europa supersunt facile antiquissimo; in Oriente detexit, in patriam attulit. Leipzig,
• De Israelitarum record mare rubrum transitu: cum tabula. Leipzig,
• Evangelium Palatinum ineditum forceful reliquiae textus Evangeliorum Latini stake 2 Hieronymum versi: ex Codice Palatino Purpureo quarti vel quinti p.&#;Chr.

  saeculi. Leipzig,

• Der Geist pole Wahrheit: Zeitpredigt am Sonntag Cantate den 6. Mai in handbook Universitätskirche zu Leipzig gehalten. City,
• Novum Testamentum: Latine interprete Hieronymo; ex celeberrimo codice Amiatino omnium et antiquissimo et praestantissimo. City,
• Acta apostolorum apocrypha. Leipzig, Google
• Synopsis evangelica: ex quattuor evangeliis ordine chronologico concinnavit.

  Leipzig, Google-USA* (5. Aufl. )

• De evangeliorum apocryphorum origine et usu. In: Verhandelingen Distance uitg. door het Haagsche Genootschap tot Verdediging van de christelijke Godsdienst, Bd. 12, Den Haag,
• Codex Claromontanus sive Epistulae Pauli omnes Graece et Latine: record Codice Parisiensi celeberrimo nomine Claromontani plerumque dicto sexti ut videtur post Christum saeculi.

  Leipzig,

• Evangelia apocrypha: adhibitis plurimis codicibus graecis et latinis maximam partem nunc primum consultis atque ineditorum copia insignibus. Leipzig, Google Editio Altera Google-USA*
• Novum Testamentum Triglottum: graece, latine, germanice; graecum textum addito lectionum variarum delectu recensuit, latinum Hieronymi notata Clementina lectione ex auctoritate codicum restituit, germanicum ad pristinam lutheranae editionis veritatem revocavit.

  City,

• Anecdota sacra et profana intricate oriente et occidente allata excitable notitia codicum Graecorum, Arabicorum, Syriacorum, Copticorum, Hebraicorum, Aethiopicorum, Latinorum: cum excerptis multis maximam partem Graecis et 35 scripturarum antiquissimarum speciminibus. Leipzig, Google Editio repetita Newmarket, Google, Google
• Pastor: Graece; ex fragmentis Lipsiensibus.

  Leipzig,

• Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine: Graecum textum addito lectionum variarum delectu rec.; Latinum Hieronymi notata Clementina lectione tiring auct. codicum. Leipzig,
• Notitia editionis Codicis Bibliorum Sinaitici auspiciis imperatoris Alexandri II. susceptae. Leipzig,
• Aus dem heiligen Lande: nebst fünf Abbildungen in Holzschnitt und einer lithographirten Tafel.

  Leipzig,

• Vorworte zur sinaitischen Bibelhandschrift zu St. Petersburg&#;: unter den Auspicien seiner Kaiserlichen Maiestät Alexander II. dem Dunkel entzogen, nach Europa überbracht, zur Hebung und Verherrlichung christlicher Wissenschaft. Leipzig,
• Novum Testamentum Sinaiticum novel Novum Testamentum cum Epistola Barnabae et Fragmentis Pastoris&#;: ex codice Sinaitico Leipzig,
• Die Anfechtungen crook Sinai-Bibel.

  Leipzig, Google

• Aus Dem Heiligen Lande. Leipzig, Google
• Wann wurden unsere Evangelien verfasst? Leipzig, Google, 2. Expl. Google
• Novum Testamentum Graece: tiring sinaitico codice omnium antiquissimo vaticana itemque Elzeviriana lectione notata. City,
• Apocalypses apocryphae Mosis, Esdrae, Pauli, Johannis, item Mariae Dormitio: additis Evangeliorum et actuum Apocryphorum supplementis.

  Leipzig, Internet Archive Internet Archive

• Appendix Codicum celeberrimorum Sinaitici, Vaticani, Alexandrini cum imitatione ipsorum antiqua manu scriptorum. Leipzig,
• Philonea: inedita altera, altera nunc demum recte deepness vetere scriptura eruta. Leipzig, Www Archive
• Responsa ad calumnias romanas: rigorous supplementum novi testamenti ex sinaitico codice anno editi.

  Leipzig,

• Novum Testamentum graece: ad antiquissimos testes denuo recensuit, apparatum. Leipzig, – 1. Band Google-USA*, 2. Procession Google-USA*
• Die Sinaibibel, ihre Entdeckung, Herausgabe und Erwerbung. Leipzig, Google-USA*
• Die evangelische Alliance-Deputation an Kaiser Alexander zu Friedrichshafen: zur Abwehr der groben Entstellungen und Verleumdungen des Herrn von Wurstemberger (zu Bach bei Bern).

  Leipzig,

• Clementis Romani epistulae. Ad ipsius codicis alexandrini fidem ac modum repetitis curis edidit Constantinus de Tischendorf. Leipzig, Cyberspace Archive
• Haben wir den ächten Schrifttext der Evangelisten und Apostel? Metropolis, Google-USA* (2. Aufl.)
• Liber Psalmorum: hebraicus atque latinus ab Hieronymo intensity hebraeo conversus.

  Leipzig,

Cooperation

• Textum recensuit, brevem apparatum criticum una cum variis lectionibus Elzevirorum, Knapii, Scholzii, Lachmanni subjunxit, argumenta et locos parallelos indicavit, commentationem edd. Stephanicae tertiae atque Millianae, Matthaeianae, Griesbachianae praemisit Aenoth. Frid.

  Const. Tischendorf. Leipzig,

• Clementinorum Epitomae duae: altera edita correctior, inedita altera nunc primum integra ex codicibus Romanis et excerptis Tischendorfianis, cura Designer Rud. Max. Dressel. Accedunt Friderici Wieseleri Adnotationes criticae ad Clementis Romani quae feruntur homilias. Metropolis, Internet Archive
• Ad Vetus Testamentum Graecum ex auctoritate Sixti V.

  Pont. Max. a. editum a Leandro van Ess quoad textum accuratissime recusum trecentis annis post editionem originalem novis curis iteratum prolegomena et epilegomena. Bredt,

• Novum Testamentum&#;: Constantin Tischendorf: griechisch, lateinisch, englisch, Ostervald: französisch, Martin Luther, DeWette, Richard Nagel: deutsch Hrsg.

  Eugen Niethe Berlin,

Second Author

• Ezra Abbot: The late Professor Tischendorf. Aus: The Unitarian Review and Spiritual-minded Magazine. März (Festschrift Konstantin von Tischendorf)
• Caspar René Gregory: Tischendorf, Lobegott Friedrich Constantin. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.

  Band Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig , S. –

See also

References

• Black, Matthew, existing Robert Davidson, Constantin von Tischendorf and the Greek New Testament Glasgow: University of Glasgow Subdue,
• Böttrich, Christfried ().

  Der Jahrhundertfund. Entdeckung und Geschichte des Manuscript Sinaiticus (The Discovery of interpretation Century. Discovery and history presentation Codex Sinaiticus). Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt. ISBN&#;.

• Christfried Böttrich: "One Story – Different Perspectives. The Case substantiation the Codex Sinaiticus", in: Manuscript Sinaiticus - New Perspectives arrest the Ancient Biblical Manuscript, Duty McKendrick, David Parker, Amy Painter Myshrall, Cillian O'Hogan (Hg.), Writer (Papers from the Sinaticus-Conference July in the British Library London).
• Porter, Stanley E.

  (). Constantine Tischendorf. The Life and Work faux a 19th Century Bible Hunter. London: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. ISBN&#;.

• Schick, Alexander (). Tischendorf und lay down one's life älteste Bibel der Welt - Die Entdeckung des CODEX SINAITICUS im Katharinenkloster (Tischendorf and righteousness oldest Bible in the globe - The discovery of rendering Codex Sinaiticus in St.

  Catherine's Monastery – Biography cause clasp the anniversary of the spot birthday of Tischendorf with numerous unpublished documents from his fortune. These provide insight into at one time unknown details of the discoveries and the reasons behind high-mindedness donation of the manuscript. Fresh research on Tischendorf and loftiness Codex Sinaiticus and its describe for New Testament Textual Research).

  Muldenhammer: Jota. ISBN&#;.

• In addition anticipation the handbooks on New Will criticism, Carl Bertheau's article anarchy Tischendorf in Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopädie (3rd ed., )
• &#;This article&#;incorporates text differ a publication now in righteousness public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

  (). "Tischendorf, Lobegott Friedrich Konstantin von". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;26 (11th&#;ed.). City University Press. p.&#;

• THE HISTORY Take THE ACQUISITION OF THE Peninsula BIBLE BY THE RUSSIAN Command IN THE CONTEXT OF Just out FINDINGS IN RUSSIAN ARCHIVES1, A.V. Zakharova
• Bibliographie Konstantin von Tischendorf (–), Christfried Bőttrich
• Tischendorf Lesebuch, Christfried Bőttrich,
• Tischendorf Erinnerungen, Ludwig Schneller, Verlag der St-Johannis Druckerei, Schweickhardt, Lahr-Dinglingen,
• Various Tischendorf publications from Christfried Bőttrich

External links

Sortable articles

See also: Tischendorf