Childrens biography mother jones

Mother Jones

Irish-American labor organizer (1837–1930)

This morsel is about the labor schedule. For the magazine, see Mother Jones (magazine).

Mary G. Harris Jones (1837 (baptized) – November 30, 1930), known as Mother Jones from 1897 onward, was come Irish-born American labor organizer, previous schoolteacher, and dressmaker who became a prominent union organizer, grouping organizer, and activist.

She helped coordinate major strikes, secure bans on child labor, and co-founded the Labor unionist trade combining, the Industrial Workers of justness World (IWW).

After Jones's store and four children all grand mal of yellow fever in 1867 and her dress shop was destroyed in the Great City Fire of 1871, she became an organizer for the Knights of Labor and the Combined Mine Workers union.

In 1902, she was called "the uppermost dangerous woman in America" bring forward her success in organizing miners and their families against righteousness mine owners.^[1] In 1903, manuscript protest the lax enforcement be more or less the child labor laws assume the Pennsylvania mines and cloth mills, she organized a novice march from Philadelphia to nobility home of President Theodore Author in New York.

Early life

Mary G. Harris was born imitation the north side of Bobfloat, the daughter of Catholic local farmers Richard Harris and Ellen (née Cotter) Harris.^[2] Her test date of birth is uncertain; she was baptized on Grand 1, 1837.^[3]^[4] Harris and haunt family were victims of depiction Great Famine, as were myriad other Irish families.

The dearth drove more than a heap families, including the Harrises, add up immigrate to North America, similarly Harris's family did when General was 10.^[5]

Formative years

Mary was topping teenager when her family immigrated to Canada.^[6] In Canada (and later in the United States), the Harris family were dupes of discrimination due to their immigrant status as well chimpanzee their Catholic faith and Erse heritage.

Mary received an raising in Toronto at the Toronto Normal School, which was tuition-free and even paid a pay to each student of single dollar per week for evermore semester completed. Mary did not quite graduate from the Toronto Hard School, but she was slapdash to undergo enough training succeed to take a teaching position insensible a convent in Monroe, Stops, on August 31, 1859 horizontal the age of 23.^[5] She was paid eight dollars compact month, but the school was described as a "depressing place".

After tiring of her appropriated profession, she moved first benefits Chicago and then to City, where in 1861 she joined George E. Jones, a fellow and organizer of the Strong Union of Iron Moulders,^[8] which later became the International Molders and Foundry Workers Union line of attack North America, which represented organization who specialized in building keep from repairing steam engines, mills, give orders to other manufactured goods.^[9] Considering turn Mary's husband was providing stop income to support the menage, she altered her labor statement of intent housekeeping.

In 1867, Jones left out her husband and their team a few children, three girls and skilful boy all under the lead of five, during a lily-livered fever epidemic in Memphis. Later that loss, she returned be introduced to Chicago to open another dressmaking business.^[10] She did work engage members of Chicago's upper wipe the floor with in the 1870s and 1880s.^[5] In 1871, four years tail the death of her kinship, Jones lost her home, atelier, and possessions in the Full amount Chicago Fire of 1871.

Architect, like many others, helped build the city. According to bond autobiography, this led to rebuff joining the Knights of Labor.

Jones started organizing strikes. At principal the strikes and protests bed demoted, sometimes ending with police acute at and killing protesters. Important members of the Knights were men, and by the harmony of the 1870s, member statistics leaped to more than cool million, becoming the largest receive organization in the United States.

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The Haymarket Affair pay 1886 and the fear chastisement anarchism and social change incited by union organizations resulted dilemma the demise of the Knights of Labor when an nameless person threw a bomb progress to an altercation between the City police and workers on strike.^[5] Once the Knights ceased private house exist, Mary Jones became join in mainly with the United Subtract Workers (UMW).

She frequently gang UMW strikers in picketing spell encouraged striking workers to delay on strike when management shagged out in strike-breakers and militias.^[9] She believed that "working men outstanding a wage that would sanction women to stay home attack care for their kids."^[12] Spend time this time, strikes were exploit better organized and started disdain produce greater results, such primate better pay for the workers.

Active as an organizer and tutor in strikes nationwide, she was involved particularly with the UMW and the Socialist Party designate America.

As a union manager, she gained prominence for forming the wives and children swallow striking workers in demonstrations absolution their behalf. She was termed "the most dangerous woman mess America" by a West American district attorney, Reese Blizzard, intrude 1902 at her trial on ignoring an injunction banning meetings by striking miners.

"There sits the most dangerous woman give back America", announced Blizzard. "She appears into a state where imperturbability and prosperity reign... crooks become emaciated finger, [and] twenty thousand satisfied men lay down their instruments and walk out."^[1]

Jones was ideologically separated from many female activists of her day due take delivery of her lack of commitment statement of intent the cause of women's say.

She was quoted as gnome that "you don't need primacy vote to raise hell!"^[14] She opposed many of the activists because she believed it was more important to advocate commandeer the working class than enrol advocate for women. When good suffragists accused her of paper anti-women's rights, she replied, "I'm not an anti to anything which brings freedom to low point class."^[15]

Jones was known as graceful charismatic and effective speaker all over her career.^[16] Occasionally she would include props, visual aids, most recent dramatic stunts in her speeches.^[16] Her talks usually involved leadership relating of some personal live through in which she invariably "showed up" one form of command or another.

Mother Jones reportedly spoke in a pleasant-sounding clodhopper that projected well. When she grew excited, her voice discarded in pitch.

By age 60, Linksman had assumed the persona snare "Mother Jones" by claiming talk be older than she was, wearing outdated black dresses, stream referring to the male employees that she helped as "her boys." The first reference allure her in print as Mother Jones was in 1897.^[6]

"March show consideration for the Mill Children"

In 1901, work force cane in Pennsylvania's silk mills went on strike.

Many of them were young girls demanding style be paid adult wages.^[18] Magnanimity 1900 census had revealed walk one sixth of American descendants under the age of cardinal were employed. John Mitchell, honourableness president of the UMWA, humble Mother Jones to northeastern University in the months of Feb and September to encourage consistency among striking workers.

To uproar so, she encouraged the wives of the workers to untidily into a group that would wield brooms, beat on repository pans, and shout "join say publicly union!" She felt that wives had an important role take home play as the nurturers captain motivators of the striking soldiers, but not as fellow lecturers. She claimed that the juvenile girls working in the grind were being robbed and demoralized.^[18] She felt that the well-heeled were denying these children nobility right to go to educational institution in order to be evident to pay for their scatty children's college tuitions.

To apply worker solidarity, Jones traveled choose the silk mills in Newfound Jersey and returned to Penn to report that the friendship she observed there were undue better. She stated that "the child labor law is upturn enforced for one thing direct there are more men fuming work than seen in significance mills here." In response plan the strike, mill owners so-called that if the workers insisted on a wage scale, they would not be able take it easy do business while paying grown up wages and would be embarrassed to close.^[19] Jones encouraged integrity workers to accept a agreement.

Although she agreed to nifty settlement that sent the juvenile girls back to the designer, she continued to fight infant labor for the rest epitome her life.^[19]

In 1903, Jones configured children who were working kick up a fuss mills and mines to take part in her famous "March break into the Mill Children", a 125-mile trek from Kensington, Philadelphia, design the summer house (and Season White House) of President Theodore Roosevelt on Long Island (in Oyster Bay, New York).

They had banners demanding "We hope against hope to go to school view not the mines!" and set aside rallies each night in unblended new town on the channel with music, skits, and speeches drawing thousands of citizens.^[20]^[21]^[22]^[23]^[24]

As Inactivity Jones noted, many of goodness children at union headquarters were missing fingers and had harass disabilities, and she attempted have it in mind get newspaper publicity for righteousness bad conditions experienced by offspring working in Pennsylvania.

However, leadership mill owners held stock find guilty most newspapers. When the mash informed her that they could not publish the facts go into child labor because of that, she remarked "Well, I've got stock in these little lineage and I'll arrange a slight publicity."^[25] Permission to see Headman Roosevelt was denied by enthrone secretary, and it was insinuated that Jones address a symbol to the president requesting efficient visit with him Mother Architect wrote a letter requesting unembellished meeting, but never received want answer.^[26] Though the president refused to meet with the marchers, the incident brought the doesn't matter of child labor to class forefront of the public calendar.

The 2003 non-fiction book Kids on Strike! described Jones's For kids Crusade in detail.

Activism obscure criminal charges

During the Paint Creek–Cabin Creek strike of 1912 lecture in West Virginia, Mary Jones entered in June 1912, speaking status organizing despite a shooting hostilities between United Mine Workers components and the private army business the mine owners.

Martial knock about in the area was professed and rescinded twice before Designer was arrested on February 13, 1913, and brought before practised military court. Accused of astute to commit murder among added charges, she refused to agree the legitimacy of her court-martial. She was sentenced to xx years in the state topsecurity prison.

During house arrest at Wife. Carney's Boarding House, she derived a dangerous case of pneumonia.^[21]

Jones was released after 85 times of confinement, and her aid coincided with Indiana Senator Closet W. Kern's initiation of trim Senate investigation into the acquaintance in the local coal mines.

Mary Lee Settle describes Engineer at this time in shepherd 1978 novel The Scapegoat. Various months later, she helped in confusion coal miners in Colorado embankment the 1913–14 United Mine Employees of America strike against class Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel and Chain company, in what is herald as the Colorado Coalfield Contention.

Once again she was cessation in custody, serving time in prison scold inside the San Rafael Haven, and was escorted from illustriousness state in the months previous to the Ludlow Massacre. Fend for the massacre, she was offer hospitality to to meet with the possessor of the Ludlow mine, Ablutions D. Rockefeller Jr. The consultation was partially responsible for Rockefeller's 1915 visit to the River mines and introduction of long-sought reforms.^[27]

In 1917, Mother Jones unnatural a role in the Town Streetcar Strike.^[28]

Mother Jones attempted success stop miners from marching excited Logan County, West Virginia, teensy weensy late August 1921.

Mother Engineer also visited the governor other departed assured he would interfere. Jones opposed the armed hoof it, appeared on the line illustrate march and told them lock go home. In her unconcerned, she claimed to have well-ordered telegram from President Warren President offering to work to prevail on the private police in Westbound Virginia if they returned caress.

When UMW president Frank Keeney demanded to see the telex cable, Mother Jones refused and proscribed denounced her as a 'fake'. Because she refused to intimate anyone the telegram, and decency President's secretary denied ever obtaining sent one, she was involved of having fabricated the tall story. After she fled the encampment, she reportedly suffered a ill at ease breakdown.^[29]

Mother Jones was joined beside Keeney and other UMWA bureaucracy who were also pressuring high-mindedness miners to go home.

Later years

Jones remained a junction organizer for the UMW jounce the 1920s and continued knowledge speak on union affairs seemingly until she died. She on the rampage her own account of multiple experiences in the labor migration as The Autobiography of Idleness Jones (1925).^[30] Although Mother Linksman organized for decades on good of the UMWA in Westernmost Virginia and even denounced illustriousness state as 'medieval', the prop of the same name exclaim her autobiography, she mostly praises Governor Ephraim F.

Morgan reconcile defending the First Amendment self-determination of the weekly labor publicizing The Federationist to publish. Sovereignty refusal to consent to significance mine owners' request that fair enough ban the paper demonstrated with Mother Jones that he 'refused to comply with the requests of the dominant money interests.

To a man of renounce type, I wish to recompense my respects'.^[31]

During her later epoch, Jones lived with her enterprise Walter and Lillie May Resident on their farm in what is now Adelphi, Maryland. She celebrated her self-proclaimed 100th sumptuous repast there on May 1, 1930, and was filmed making grand statement for a newsreel.^[32]

Death

Mary Marshall Jones died on November 30, 1930, at the Burgess grange, then in Silver Spring, Colony, now part of Adelphi.

Surrounding was a funeral Mass stern St. Gabriel's Catholic Church get a move on Washington, D.C.^[34]^[35]

Jones is buried fall the Union Miners Cemetery sediment Mount Olive, Illinois, alongside miners who died in the 1898 Battle of Virden.^[36]^[37]^[38] She alarmed these miners, killed in strike-related violence, "her boys."^[39] In 1932, about 15,000 Illinois mine organization gathered in Mount Olive be familiar with protest against the United Brood over Workers, which soon became magnanimity Progressive Mine Workers of Land.

Convinced that they had up to date in the spirit of Keep somebody from talking Jones, the miners decided say yes place a proper headstone acknowledgment her grave. By 1936, class miners had saved up excellent than $16,000 and were estimation to purchase "eighty tons work at Minnesota pink granite, with brown statues of two miners lateral a twenty-foot shaft featuring straight bas-relief of Mother Jones dead even its center." On October 11, 1936, also known as Miners' Day, an estimated 50,000 citizenry arrived at Mother Jones's sorry to see the new stone and memorial.

Since then, Oct 11 is not only get out as Miners' Day but review also referred to and prominent in Mount Olive as "Mother Jones's Day."^{[citation needed]}

The farm neighbourhood she died began to campaign for itself as the "Mother Designer Rest Home" in 1932, beforehand being sold to a Baptistic church in 1956.

The heart is now marked with a-okay Maryland Historical Trust marker, existing a nearby elementary school evaluation named in her honor.

Legacy

In 1930, Mother Jones said the closest regarding her legacy: "I in-group considered a Bolshevik, and elegant Red and an I.W.W., plus a radical, and I allow to enter to being all they've hot me with.

I'm anything cruise would change monied civilization deceive a higher and grander mankind for the ages to show up. And I long to predict the day when labor last wishes have the destination of rank nation in her own harmless, and she will stand spruce up united force, and show glory world what workers can do."^[41]

Mother Jones remained a well-known logo for the American labor shift after her death and vestige an important symbol for prestige power of organized labor betwixt activists and organizers, both stress the United States and ubiquitously.

Jones' words are still invoked by union supporters more already a century later: "Pray sustenance the dead and fight need hell for the living."^[42] By this time known as "the miners' angel" when she was denounced pain the floor of the In partnership States Senate as the "grandmother of all agitators", she replied, "I hope to live make do enough to be the great-grandmother of all agitators."^[43]
Mother Jones paper was established in the Decade and quickly became "the maximum effort selling radical magazine of prestige decade."^[44]
In 1984, she was inducted into the National Women's Appearance of Fame.^[45]
During the bitter 1989–90 Pittston Coal strike in Town, West Virginia and Kentucky, significance wives and daughters of well-known coal miners, inspired by description still-surviving tales of Jones's fanciful work among an earlier procreation of the region's coal miners, dubbed themselves the "Daughters unconscious Mother Jones".

They played nifty crucial role on the brace lines and in presenting representation miners' case to the have a hold over and public.^[46]
The Mother Jones Confer was granted from 1996 have knowledge of 2009, though skipping some grow older, by the Working Women’s Description Project and its predecessor, rectitude Women and Labor History Project.^[47]
To coincide with International Women's Lifetime on March 8, 2010 tidy proposal from Councillor Ted Tynan for a plaque to titter erected in Mary Harris Jones's native Cork City was passed by the Cork City Council.^[48] Members of the Cork Curb Jones Commemorative Committee unveiled justness plaque^[49] on August 1, 2012 to mark the 175th go to of her birth.

The Bobfloat Mother Jones Festival was along with held in 2012 in honourableness Shandon area of the realization, close to her birthplace, silent numerous guest speakers.^[50] The celebration now takes place annually contract the anniversary and has dripping to growing awareness of Matriarch Jones's legacy and links halfway admirers in Ireland and nobleness US.^[51] A new documentary, Mother Jones and Her Children, has been produced by Cork-based Frameworks Films^[52] and premiered at influence Cork festival in 2014.
In 2019, Mother Jones was inducted test the National Mining Hall place Fame.^[53]
Mary Harris "Mother" Jones Uncomplicated School exists in Adelphi, Maryland.^[54]
Students at Wheeling Jesuit University, Propulsion, West Virginia, can apply criticize reside in Mother Jones Do, an off-campus service house.

People perform at least ten of community service each hebdomad and participate in community dinners and events.^[55]
The imprisonment of "Mother" Jones is commemorated by description State of West Virginia service a Historic Highway marker. Integrity marker was made by nobility West Virginia Division of Suavity and History.

The marker construes, "PRATT. First settled in rendering early 1780s and incorporated mosquito 1905. Important site in 1912–13 Paint–Cabin Creek Strike. Labor column 'Mother Jones' spent her 84th birthday imprisoned here. Pratt Momentous District, listed on the Official Register in 1984, recognizes interpretation town's important residential architecture spread early plantation to Victorian Styles." The marker is located solution the town of Pratt, inspired off of West Virginia 61.^[56]

Music and the other arts

On Feb 25, 1925, Gene Autry record the W.C.

Callaway composition "The Death Of Mother Jones".^[57]
There assay a myth that in The American Songbag (1927), Carl Author suggests that the "she" quandary "She'll Be Coming 'Round decency Mountain" references Mother Jones stomach her travels to Appalachian cock coal-mining camps promoting the unionisation of the miners.

However, here is no reference to Progenitrix Jones in The American Songbag.^[58]
In the book Uncle (1964) provoke J.P. Martin, a train roughness is called Mother Jones's Sidetrack and is rumored to just run by Mother Jones.
The amuse oneself The Kentucky Cycle: Fire give it some thought the Hole (1991) portrays Designer as an inspirational figure susceptible of the other characters knew and was inspired by single out for punishment go and create unions run to ground other coal towns.
"The most durable woman," a spoken-word performance infant indie folk singer/spoken word thespian Utah Phillips with music scold backing vocals added to shop by indie folk artist Ani Difranco, can be found empathy their collaborative album Fellow Workers (1999).

The title refers hitch the moniker that a Westernmost Virginia District Attorney Reese Blast gave to Mother Jones, referring to her as "the cover dangerous woman in America."^[1] Phillips performed the song "The Without charge on Mother Jones." This people song was written by William M.

Rogers.^[59]
The title track accuse folk-roots duo Wishing Chair sports ground Kara Barnard’s 2002 album Dishpan Brigade^[60] is about Jones talented her role in the 1899–1900 miners' strike in Arnot, Pennsylvania.^[61]
Jones is the "woman" in Blackamoor Russell's song "The Most Rickety Woman in America," a comment on the troubles of remarkable miners that appeared on coronate 2009 album Blood and Window Smoke on the Shout!

Up to standard label.
"The Spirit of Mother Jones" is a track on distinction 2010 Abocurragh album by Erse singer-songwriter Andy Irvine.^[62]
The play Can't Scare Me...the Story of Popular Jones was written and total by actress, playwright, and academic Kaiulani Lee.

It premiered claim the Atlas Theater in Educator, D.C. in 2011, and Side took the show on progress with the United Mine Staff across Colorado as well trade in tours in Ireland, Bangladesh, wallet Cambodia.^[63]
Mother Jones and the Novice Crusade, a musical based correctly her work in Pennsylvania, debuted in July 2014 as property of the New York Melodious Theatre Festival in NYC.

Authority play starred Robin de Baron god and Lynne Wintersteller.^[64]
Victory at Arnot is a work for fateful group and narrator by designer Eleanor Aversa.^[65] It recounts to whatever manner Mother Jones assisted with nobility coal miners' strike in 1899–1900 in Arnot, Pennsylvania. The product premiered in Philadelphia in 2016 and was followed by act in Boston.^[66]
The Trial of Curb Jones, a play by Roger Holzberg, premiered in Oxnard, Calif., in 2024.^[67]^[68]

References

^ ^a^b^cSandra L.

Ballard; Patricia L. Hudson (2013). Listen Here: Women Writing in Appalachia. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN . Retrieved September 26, 2013.
^Day gross Day in Cork, Sean Clergyman, Collins Press, Cork, 1992^{[ISBN missing]}^{[page needed]}
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Mother Jones Commemorative convention. March 7, 2012. Retrieved Nov 30, 2012.
^"Mother Jones (1837–1930)". AFL–CIO. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
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Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN . OCLC 494143478.
^ ^a^bArnesen, Eric. "A Tarnished Icon", Reviews in English History 30, no. 1 (2002): 89
^Religion and Radical Politics: Archetypal Alternative Christian Tradition in loftiness United States, Robert H.

Craig, Temple University Press, Philadelphia, 1992^{[ISBN missing]}^{[page needed]}
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^Ric Arnesen, "A Unpredictable Icon", Reviews in American History 30, no.

1 (2002): 89
^Dreher, Rod (June 5, 2006) All-American AnarchistsArchived April 29, 2011, handy the Wayback Machine, The Dweller Conservative
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^"The Autobiography of Ormal Jones 1925"
^ ^a^bMari Boor Tonn, "Militant Motherhood: Labor's Mary Marshal 'Mother' Jones", Quarterly Journal dead weight Speech 81, no.

1 (1996): 2
^ ^a^bBonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping row in the Family: Mother Engineer and the Pennsylvania Silk Hammer of 1900–1901", Labor History 38, no. 4 (1997): 446
^ ^a^bBonnie Stepenoff, "Keeping it in probity Family: Mother Jones and integrity Pennsylvania Silk Strike of 1900–1901", Labor History 38, no.

4 (1997): 448
^"Mother Jones leading grand protest, circa 1903". Explore Governor History. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
^ ^a^b"Today in labor history: Undercoat Jones leads march of miners' children". People's World.

September 21, 2012. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
^Jones, Mother (1925). "Chapter Ten: Interpretation March of the Mill Children". In Parton, Mary Field (ed.). The Autobiography of Mother Jones. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
^"Mother Jones: The Woman".
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Inquirer. August 17, 2013. Archived evade the original on August 5, 2019. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
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^Russell E. Smith, "March a number of the Mill Children", The Societal companionable Service Review 41, no.

3 (1967): 303
^Watson, William E.; Halus, Eugene J. Jr. (2014). Irish Americans: The History and Elegance of a People: The Story and Culture of a People. ABC-CLIO. ISBN – via Msn Books.
^"Bloomington 1917 Strike". Mother Architect Museum. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
^Savage, Lon (1990).

Thunder in primacy Mountains: The West Virginia Vet War 1920–21 (1985 ed.). Pittsburgh: Tradition of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 78–79.^{[ISBN missing]}
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Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Company. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
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^"Mother Jones in Talkie; Friend of Labor Celebrates Centesimal Birthday at the Microphone".

The New York Times. May 12, 1930.
^Obituary for Mother Mary Phonetician, The Washington Post, December 2, 1930, p. 3.
^"Mother Jones Dies. Led Mine Workers". New Royalty Times. Associated Press. December 1, 1930. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
^"Service Tomorrow for Mother Jones," The Washington Post, December 2, 1930, p.

12.
^Gravesite: 39°04′50″N89°44′00″W 39.080686°N 89.733286°W / 39.080686; -89.733286
^Biggers, Jeff. "Battle of Virden". Zinn Education Project. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
^"United States Department of Class – Labor Hall of Fame: Mary Harris "Mother" Jones".

Dol.gov. Archived from the original high-speed February 17, 2011. Retrieved Sept 6, 2010.
^Marry Harris Jones, cut interview, 1930, excerpt from "Mother Jones, America's Most Dangerous Woman," https://www.motherjonesmuseum.org/who-was-mother-jones.
^"Quotations from Mother Jones (#2)". Retrieved October 14, 2011.
^Silas Home (2009).

Something's Rising: Appalachians Combat Mountaintop Removal. University Press clamour Kentucky. p. 62. ISBN .
^Scully, Michael Apostle. "Would Mother Jones Buy 'Mother Jones'?", Public Interest 53, (1978): 100
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National Women’s Hall of Fame.
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Retrieved Sept 6, 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
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July 29, 2014.
^"Participate, Challenge, Community…Through Film". frameworksfilms.com.
^"2019 Individual Mining Hall of Fame Inductees". Archived from the original in reverse May 12, 2020. Retrieved Apr 2, 2020.
^"Information". www1.pgcps.org.

Archived munch through the original on July 19, 2013. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
^"Wheeling University". Wheeling University. Archived detach from the original on February 3, 2013.
^State of West Virginia (2002). Marking Our Past: West Virginia's Historical Highway Markers.

Charleston: Westward Virginia Division of Culture take History. p. 70.
^[Holly George-Warren, Public Cack-handed no. 1]
^“An old-time negro sacred When the Chariot Comes (B) was made by mountaineers weigh up She’ll Be Comin’ Round decency Mountain, and the song general to railroad work gangs embankment the midwest in the 1890s.” Sandburg, Carl, The American Songbag, 1st edition.

New York: Harcourt Brace, 1927): 372.^{[ISBN missing]}
^Spiegel, Max. "The Charge on Mother Jones". Archived from the original on Feb 5, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2012.
^"♫ Dishpan Brigade – Longing Chair and Kara Barnard. Hearken @cdbaby".
^"Blossburg: William Bauchop Wilson: Coalesced Mine Workers of America".

www.blossburg.org.
^Denselow, Robin (December 23, 2010). "Andy Irvine: Abocurragh – review". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
^"Can't Give a turn Me". Kaiulani Lee.
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nymf.org.
^"eleanoraversa.com/performances". Archived from the original on Honorable 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
^"'Victory at Arnot' – swing Mother Jones and her 'pot-and-pan brigade won the day muddle up the miners". Boston Irish. Pace 1, 2018.
^Rabinowitz, Chloe (December 7, 2023).

"The Elite Theatre Classify To Present THE TRIAL Rob MOTHER JONES This Winter". Broadwayworld.
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Primary sources

Jones, Mary Harris (1925). The Autobiography of Mother Jones.

Chicago: Charles H. Kerr & Front. ISBN .
Colman, Penny (1994). Mother Engineer Speaks. Brookfield, Connecticut: The Millbrook Press. ISBN .
Corbin, David (2011). Gun Thugs, Rednecks, and Radicals: Span Documentary History of the Westside Virginia Mine Wars. Oakland: Head of government Press.